Design and validation of a dynamic cardiac phantom for the training and advancing of iCMR procedures

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide. When treating these diseases, a minimally invasive approach is favored. Interventional cardiac magnetic resonance (iCMR) procedures are particularly useful in these situations. These catheter based procedures offer a less invasive alternative to traditional methods. However, since these techniques are still relatively new, there is a substantial need for further development and training. This paper looks at the design, fabrication and validation of a dynamic cardiac phantom constructed from silicone, intended for the training and development of these iCMR procedures. The iterative design process revolved around mold optimization, with its main focus on correct centering. The acquired phantom was subjected to multiple assessments to evaluate its dynamic capabilities, structural integrity and suitability for iCMR training. Tests were done using a pressure vessel forcing the phantom to contract due to an increase and decrease in external pressure. MRI-based testing confirmed its functionality, showing contraction and effective catheter tracking. Pressure testing showed the phantom’s ability to remain intact at normal heart pressures. In conclusion, the research confirms the feasibility of using silicone to create a dynamic cardiac phantom for the development and training of iCMR procedures.