University of Twente Student Theses
The Effect of Feedback Timing and Flow on Young Professionals’ Voice Usage in Virtual Reality (VR) Public Speaking Training.
Lodder, E. (2025) The Effect of Feedback Timing and Flow on Young Professionals’ Voice Usage in Virtual Reality (VR) Public Speaking Training.
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| Abstract: | Providing young professionals with formative feedback during public speaking training is crucial for improving public speaking skills. Formative feedback can be distinguished based on timing: immediate or delayed. Existing studies revealed inconsistencies in the effect of immediate feedback, revealing it could both positively and negatively impact performance enhancement during public speaking training. This research explored the effect of feedback timing on voice usage of young professionals and the mediating factor of flow experience in a Virtual Reality (VR) public speaking context. Building on prior research of flow theory, this study explored whether immediate feedback acts as a disruptive stimulus to the flow experience, thereby potentially hindering voice usage development. A quasi-experimental, repeated measures design was employed to measure voice usage within two conditions. Participants presented three times lasting three minutes in a VR application called Ovation, in which one condition received immediate feedback, and the other condition received delayed feedback. A voice use rubric and a Psychological Flow Scale (PFS) questionnaire were applied to investigate the flow experience and voice usage. Data was analyzed by executing repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA, a linear regression analysis, and a Sobel test. Participants showed an increase in overall voice usage scores over time, regardless of receiving immediate or delayed feedback. Delayed feedback had a more positive impact on the average voice usage over time. Participants receiving immediate feedback revealed higher scores on subcategories “filler words” and “appropriate use of inserted pauses” compared to the delayed feedback condition during the second presentation. The flow experience score of participants receiving immediate feedback was significantly lower compared to the delayed feedback condition. There was no mediation effect of flow experience in the relationship between immediate feedback and voice usage. |
| Item Type: | Essay (Master) |
| Faculty: | BMS: Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences |
| Subject: | 70 social sciences in general |
| Programme: | Educational Science and Technology MSc (60023) |
| Link to this item: | https://purl.utwente.nl/essays/105254 |
| Export this item as: | BibTeX EndNote HTML Citation Reference Manager |
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