University of Twente Student Theses
Perceived autonomy in the age of personalized search : Evaluating the impact of the GDPR in search engines
Timmerman, Hendrik Matthijs (2025) Perceived autonomy in the age of personalized search : Evaluating the impact of the GDPR in search engines.
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| Abstract: | In an era where personalized algorithms shape online information access, safeguarding user autonomy has become increasingly vital. This study explores whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is associated with higher levels of perceived autonomy in the context of search engines. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), autonomy is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct comprising personalization control, algorithmic transparency, and search result diversity. A quantitative survey (N = 349) among Dutch users revealed that while the GDPR is associated with greater perceived diversity in search results, its perceived impact on transparency and control is limited. Digital skills emerged as the strongest predictor of autonomy: individuals with higher digital literacy felt more capable of managing privacy settings and understanding algorithmic processes. A comparison between general and GDPR-specific perceptions showed that users attribute improved diversity to GDPR, but not improved control or transparency. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of digital autonomy by bridging psychological and regulatory perspectives. It highlights that legal frameworks like the GDPR, though essential, are not sufficient on their own. Real user empowerment depends on individuals’ ability to understand and act upon their digital rights. To close the gap between legal protection and lived experience, clearer regulatory communication and targeted public education are needed. |
| Item Type: | Essay (Master) |
| Faculty: | BMS: Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences |
| Subject: | 05 communication studies, 70 social sciences in general, 77 psychology |
| Programme: | Communication Science MSc (60713) |
| Link to this item: | https://purl.utwente.nl/essays/106152 |
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