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How do institutional policies and societal pressures shape gender-related pay disparities across different national contexts?
Bylaite, Emilija (2025) How do institutional policies and societal pressures shape gender-related pay disparities across different national contexts?
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| Abstract: | This thesis examines how the collective influence of institutional policies and societal pressures shape gender pay disparities across 13 culturally and economically diverse countries between the years 2008 to 2023. As a global problem, despite decades of improvement, the gender pay gap remains a persistent issue mirroring both legal flaws and profoundly rooted cultural norms. Grounded on a manually built longitudinal panel dataset including 208 country-year observations constructed from national legislation, OECD, Eurostat, World Bank, Child penalty Atlas databases, and respectable media outlets, the analysis employs a fixed-effects model for time-varying policies variables and pooled OLS for studying cultural norms related data items to investigate how they affect our researched disparity in earnings between men and women. The findings partially verify the established hypotheses by revealing that non-transferable compensated leave reserved exclusively for fathers and binding pay transparency regulations aid in closing the unadjusted gender pay gap, while gender quota laws contribute an additional push for reduction. In contrast, strong motherhood penalties and traditional job entitlement beliefs widen disparities significantly. The study emphasizes that policy effectiveness is greatest in cultures where caregiving and paid work are more equally shared, moving along feminist-institutionalist theory and offering practical guidance for reform. |
| Item Type: | Essay (Bachelor) |
| Faculty: | BMS: Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences |
| Programme: | International Business Administration BSc (50952) |
| Link to this item: | https://purl.utwente.nl/essays/106959 |
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