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Capturing Safety and Security Interactions with the Multi-Level Attack-Fault-Graph : A Case Study on the European Train Control System

Deen, S.W. (2025) Capturing Safety and Security Interactions with the Multi-Level Attack-Fault-Graph : A Case Study on the European Train Control System.

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Full Text Status:Access to this publication is restricted
Embargo date:7 July 2027
Abstract:This thesis explores the capacity of the Multi-Level Attack-Fault-Graph (MLAFG) to systematically represent and analyze safety-security interactions in complex systems. As a case study, the European Train Control System (ETCS), a critical rail safety system increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, serves as a case study. The MLAFG integrates attack graphs with multi-level system abstraction to capture four fundamental interaction types: mutual reinforcement, antagonism, conditional dependence, and independence. This study extends formal definitions for these interactions and proposes methods for visual syntax analysis and selective representation. A visual critique grounded in the Physics of Notation is presented, alongside a novel importance score for high-level attack nodes that enables abstraction through selective representation. The results demonstrate how MLAFG can be practically applied to improve the comprehensibility and analysis of interdependent safety and security risks in digital systems such as ETCS.
Item Type:Essay (Bachelor)
Faculty:EEMCS: Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science
Subject:54 computer science
Programme:Business & IT BSc (56066)
Link to this item:https://purl.utwente.nl/essays/107442
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