To what extent do the European Union´s crisis reactions in the Euro crisis, Refugee crisis and Corona crisis show a pattern of the European solidarity deficit?

Through an increasingly globalised world, the EU is confronted with a variety of crises in the past few years. Although different in their thematic focus, the Euro crisis, Refugee crisis and Corona crisis equally challenge(d) European solidarity and thus create obstacles for European cohesion. As such, they are compared to identify patterns of European solidarity deficits in crisis responses and to evaluate the influence of power structures therein. The findings see the main limitations for European solidarity in the unwillingness of single member states to put national interests back behind European visions on the one hand, and in the attachment of conditions to financial support on the other hand. It is argued, that these patterns create the necessity to change the foundation of economic and monetary cooperation in the EU.