University of Twente Student Theses
The association between macro-socioeconomic factors and gender-disparities in cancer incidence and mortality
Helden, J.A. van (2021) The association between macro-socioeconomic factors and gender-disparities in cancer incidence and mortality.
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| Full Text Status: | Access to this publication is restricted |
| Embargo date: | 31 July 2024 |
| Abstract: | Background: Evidence on sex differences in cancer incidence and mortality and the association with socioeconomic variables is fragmented. This study investigated whether sex differences across countries in cancer incidence and mortality are associated with the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini-index, Gender Inequality Index (GII) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, for seven cancer types. Methods: Data was collected from the Cancer Incidence in 5 continents, WHO mortality data, United Nations Development Program and the World Bank. We included oesophageal, stomach, pancreatic, liver, colorectal, lung and bladder cancer. Age-standardized male-to-female (MF) rate ratios on incidence and mortality for pre-(<50) and postmenopausal(>=50) age groups were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to determine associations between MF ratios and socioeconomic indicators. Results: The MF incidence ratios and the GII were negatively related for postmenopausal stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, and lung cancer, coefficients ranging from -1.1 (pancreas) to -7.4 (lung). MF incidence ratios were negatively associated with GDP in postmenopausal colorectal, pancreatic, lung and bladder cancer, -0.75 per $10,000 (lung) being the largest coefficient. MF mortality ratios were negatively associated with the GII in postmenopausal oesophageal, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancer. Coefficients ranged from -0.03 (pancreas) to -16.3 (oesophagus). MF mortality ratios and GDP were negatively associated in premenopausal stomach cancer and postmenopausal oesophagus, colorectal, pancreatic, lung and bladder cancer, -0.76 per $10,000 (oesophagus) being the largest coefficient. The HDI and Gini-index associations with MF ratios were not consistently negative or positive. Discussion and conclusion: Gender inequality and countries’ income-level measured by GII and GDP are negatively associated with differences in incidence and mortality for several cancer types. Different exposure to risk factors by gender and differences in diagnostic pathways and treatment receipt might influence these relationships. |
| Item Type: | Essay (Master) |
| Faculty: | TNW: Science and Technology |
| Subject: | 44 medicine |
| Programme: | Health Sciences MSc (66851) |
| Link to this item: | https://purl.utwente.nl/essays/87538 |
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