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Scoping literature review on psychosocial factors associated with the psychological outcomes in family caregivers of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit

Seykov, Dimitar (2021) Scoping literature review on psychosocial factors associated with the psychological outcomes in family caregivers of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit.

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Abstract:Background: The aim of this scoping review was to explore factors which protect family members from developing PICS-F and risk factors involving the patients and the ICU context which contribute to the development of PICS-F Method: A scoping review was performed. Relevant studies were retrieved from Scopus, PsychINFO and PubMed. In total, 898 titles and abstracts were reviewed from which 17 were included to the current review. Results: The review revealed that the most studied preventive factors were the relative-related. The found protective factors for PICS-F were resilience, higher education, satisfaction with the ICU care and participating in the care for the patient as well as building skills (Coping, mindfulness and self-efficacy). Furthermore, the retrieved patient-related factors revealed that the feeling of uncertainty and helplessness of family members about the state of the patient (e.g., if he will survive, is he in pain, etc.) contributed to the development of PICS-F. The ICU related risk factors were namely, lack of information, ICU environment and rules, privacy issues, which can cause distress in family members and foster the development of PICS-F. Additionally, coping strategies negatively associated with PICS-F are “focus on the positive” (humour, acceptance and positive re-evaluation), large social network, self-distraction, optimism, spirituality, religion, social support, coping self-efficacy and planning. Coping strategies used by people who have experienced PTG are religion, spirituality, focus on the problem, acceptance, hope and positive reframing. Conclusions: The factors and coping strategies found by this scoping review could be used to make interventions which deal with the acute stress experienced by family members in the initial admission of the patient and build skills which can make help them to cope with the situation. The results of this review showed that there is a need for further research of patient- and ICU-related risk factors. Future research should focus on exploring new risk and protective factors instead of confirming already known factors. Furthermore, future research should explore more coping strategies with an experimental design and their impact on family members in the ICU. Additionally, PTG in the context of family members requires more longitudinal research.
Item Type:Essay (Master)
Faculty:BMS: Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences
Subject:77 psychology
Programme:Psychology MSc (66604)
Link to this item:https://purl.utwente.nl/essays/88379
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