Quantum and Military Communication Security : An Analysis of the Opportunities, Risks, Implementation Challenges, and Prospects of Quantum Computing in Military Communication

This paper explores the implications of quantum computing on military communication security, including the relevant opportunities, risks, challenges, and prospects. Although quantum-related technologies like quantum key distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) provide improved encryption methods to protect against quantum threats, they also pose risks because they might compromise current systems. The study uses Technology Readiness Level (TRL) and Horowitz’s adoption-capacity theory to assess the strategic, financial, and organisational factors influencing the adoption of these technologies. This paper also examines three QKD and PQC projects that help with the quantum transition process, as well as relevant stakeholders in this process, such as decision-makers, IT teams, Big Tech, NATO, and the government. The results, derived from qualitative research methods like interviews and desk research, show the necessity of developing and implementing quantum-enhanced and quantum-resistant systems to protect military communications. Additionally, it is important that countries work together to speed up development and that there are investments in training and education programmes to get skilled talent.