The Effects of the Philips Audio Neurofeedback System on Sleep

The high prevalence and impact of sleep disorders on individuals and society calls for adequate treatment options. Neurofeedback (NFB) presents an individualized treatment for sleep disorders that could have less adverse effects than pharmaceutical solutions. Its’ effects and feasibility should be explored further. For this purpose, knowledge on methods to measure sleep (other than polysomnography) should be increased by comparing different objective and subjective measures. This study aimed to determine the effects of SMR-up and Beta-down audio NFB training on (i) sleep onset latency (SOL), perceived sleep quality, insomnia severity and (ii) total wake time after sleep onset (TWT), fatigue, depression, anxiety and stress. Furthermore, the agreement and differences between a subjective (Consensus Sleep Diary, CSD) and objective (Philips Health Watch, PHW) measure on SOL and TWT were examined.