Decentralization, Scalability, and Security Trade-off in Blockchain System: Comparison on Different Approaches

With all the features and benefits it brings, blockchain technology has gained popularity in various industries and businesses sector in this modern day. This wide-used adoption has left researchers and technical developers with some challenges to optimize the blockchain structure in general. One well-known problem involves the state of decentralization, scalability, and security of the blockchain itself, which is further termed as a blockchain trilemma. The problem exists as trade-offs are usually taken place, preventing a blockchain to have a fully maximized state of decentralization, scalability, and security simultaneously. Various approaches and ideas have been formulated to overcome the mentioned trade-off. This paper aims to investigate and view the work done by other researchers regarding the mentioned trilemma. A taxonomy and comparison of blockchain solutions to achieve the trade-off between the trilemma will also be done and a conclusion to be drawn.