Understanding the Dynamics of Politial and Societal Polarisation: Exploring Elite Polarisation, Mean Partisan Polarisation, Issue Salience, and Anti-Systemness.

This article discusses the issue of polarization in present and future society, both in the political and societal contexts. It highlights the influence of polarization on democratic processes, policy formations, societal fragmentation, and public discourse. The focus is on the Dutch elections and the impact of immigration as a salient policy issue. The research examines trends in political and societal polarization from 2010 to 2021 and explores variables such as responsiveness to political elites, representation of the mean partisan, issue salience, and dissatisfaction with the democratic system.